Hepatitis b is caused by the hepatitis b virus hbv, an enveloped virus containing a partially double stranded, circular dna genome, and classified within the family hepadnavirus. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with. Understanding the pathogenesis and management of hepatitis b. The hepatitis c virus hcv is a singlestranded, enveloped virus of the flaviviridae family, identified in 1989.
The world health organization who estimates that about 71 million people globally have chronic hepatitis c, with approximately 399,000 dying from this infection, primarily due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Many people are surprised to learn that they have been infected with hepatitis c. Some infected patients may develop little or no disease for 30 to 40 years. Hepatitis b is caused by the hepatitis b virus hbv, an enveloped. Dual virus infection can modify the epidemiology, including the natural history and the development of complications of the infection. It is a major public health issue in the united states and worldwide. Hepatitis c virus hcv infects an estimated 170 million people worldwide. Hepatitis c virus hcv infection, a major cause of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, is predominantly transmit ted by exposure to blood or body fluids. The virus has been identified in as many as 20 of patients with longlasting viral hepatitis, some of whom also have hepatitis c. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
In about three of every thousand patients with acute viral hepatitis, hgv is the only virus present. Acute hepatitis c virus infection acute hepatitis c virus. The signs and symptoms of hepatitis c virus infection hcv vary based on the stage of infection. Features and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis type 2 presenting with isolated positivity for antiliver cytosol antibody. Treatment of hepatitis c 2018 easl recommendations. Hepatitis c virus lifecycle ultracentrifugation of infected blood samples in sucrose or cesium chloride gradients. The most common symptoms include fatigue, jaundice, yellow coloring of the skin and eyes. Evaluation of factin elisa for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatocytes, with their high degree of metabolic activity, are readily disturbed by toxins and demonstrate the histopathological.
Viral hepatitis centers for disease control and prevention. Manns , maria buti 4, ed gane 5, jeanmichel pawlotsky 6,7, homie raz avi 8, norah t errault 9 and zobair y ounossi 10. The world health organization who estimates that about 71 million people. Pathophysiology of hepatitis c virus infection and related liver disease jeanmichel pawlotsky department of virology ea 3489, ho. Inflammation is the bodys response to injury or irritation viruses are responsible for hepatitis in which differ from one another in some ways to share several traits, first they generally infect only hepatocytes and then on the other side bacteria can infect different parts of the body. Oct, 2012 hepatitis c virus hcv infection is associated with a variable disease course and response to therapy. Phylogenetic analysis of fulllength or partial sequences of hcv strains isolated in various regions of the world has led to the identification of the hcv g. Hiv and chronic hcv infection pathogenesis and treatment. Hepatitis c is a viral infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis c virus. Immunobiology and pathogenesis of viral hepatitis annual.
Chronic hepatitis is defined as the persistance of clinical manifestations and liver inflammation after acute hepatitis b, hepatitis c, and hepatitis d. Learn hepatitis pathophysiology with free interactive flashcards. Hepatitis a causes only acute infection and typically gets better without treatment after a few weeks. Jul 09, 2019 hepatitis c is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis c virus hcv. The disease is characterized by extensive attack of the liver cells. An insight into the diagnosis and pathogenesis of hepatitis c. Chronic infection occurs in 5080% of cases and eventually leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Not only does viral hepatitis carry a high morbidity, but it also stresses medical resources and can have severe economic consequences. Hepatitis c is recognized as one of the most important new diseases afflicting man. Yazan daaboul, serge korjian, seyedmahdi pahlavani, m. Pathogenesis, natural history, treatment, and prevention of. Summarize the impact of liver disease caused by chronic hepatitis b infection on global public. Hepatitis c virus is a member of the flaviviridae family of rnacontaining viruses.
The hcv lifecycle is only partly understood owing to the lack of a productive cell culture system. Pdf the biology and pathogenesis of hepatitis viruses. Jake liang, md, liver diseases section, national institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases, national institutes of health, 10 center drive, room 9b16, bethesda, md 208921800. It delves into the historical literature and terminology of chronic viral hepatitis. The majority of hcvinfected individuals develop chronic infection, which, in many patients, could lead to hepatic failure. Inflammation is swelling that occurs when tissues of the body become injured or infected. Hepatitis c virus hcv infects over 170 million people worldwide. Hepatocytes, with their high degree of metabolic activity, are readily disturbed by toxins and demonstrate the histopathological cellular responses known as cloudy swelling, fatty change and necrosis. Phylogenetic analysis of fulllength or partial sequences of hcv strains isolated in various regions of the world has led to the identification of the hcv genotypes. Pathophysiology of hepatitis c virus infection and related. Pathophysiology and treatment of hepatitis c springerlink. Inflammation is the bodys response to injury or irritation viruses are responsible for hepatitis in which differ.
Differentiate between hepatitis b infection and other types of hepatitis, including symptoms, patient presentation, testing, and prevention. In the united states, the most common types of viral hepatitis are. While all three types of hepatitis can cause similar symptoms, each virus is spread in different ways. Hepatitis c is a viral infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. Pathogenesis, natural history, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis c. The discovery, diagnosis and initial treatments of hepatitis c virus hcv infection are all perfect examples of the increasing impact molecular biology is currently having on disease management throughout the globe. Fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis a virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis c. Some infected patients may develop little or no disease for 30 to 40 years, whereas others will develop cirrhosis within 5 to 10 years.
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, most commonly caused by a viral infection. Hepatitis c virus hcv infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent liver damage. Chronic viral hepatitis is a syndrome of persisting hepatotropic viral infection usually associated with chronic inflammation, hepatocyte injury and progressive fibrosis. Pathology of chronic hepatitis b and chronic hepatitis c. Hepatitis c virus hcv was first characterized by choo et al and kuo et al in 1989. Some people feel overwhelmed by the changes that they may need to make in their lives. Chronic hbv and hcv account for 80% of hepatocellular cancer cases today lewis, et al. Acute hepatitis c virus infection 251 after 714 days, followed by aminotransferase elevation and later after 410 weeks by antibodies presence 4. Several molecules have been implicated in the receptor complex at the surface of target cells, but the mode of hcv entry.
It is an enveloped, singlestranded rna virus of 5565 nm in diameter. Hepatitis c virus hcv is one of 6 viruses along with hepatitis a, b, d, e, and g viruses that cause viral hepatitis. Pathogenesis of hepatitis c virus is influenced by. Although the liver is the primary target of infection, studies. Hbv and hcv are noncytopathic viruses and, thus, immunologically mediated events play an important role in the pathogenesis and outcome of these infections. Among the many viruses that are known to infect the human liver, hepatitis b virus hbv and hepatitis c virus hcv are unique because of their prodigious capacity to cause persistent infection, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The most common symptoms include fatigue, jaundice, yellow coloring of the skin and eyes, fever, and nausea. Hepatitis c virus hcv infection is associated with a variable disease course and response to therapy.
The virus, called the hepatitis c virus or hcv for short, is just one of the hepatitis viruses. Hepatitis c is an infection caused by the hepatitis c virus hcv that attacks the liver and leads to inflammation. Some people feel overwhelmed by the changes that they may. Pathogenesis, natural history, treatment, and prevention.
Hepatitis c virus hcv is a hepatotropic rna virus that causes progressive liver damage, which might result in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis b has also been called type b hepatitis, serum hepatitis, homologous serum jaundice. In the united states, the most common types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis a, hepatitis b, and hepatitis c. Horvat rt 2011 diagnostic and clinical relevance of hbv mutations. Hepatitis b virus hbv and hepatitis c virus hcv are frequent causes of chronic hepatitis. Nov 30, 2016 hepatitis c is a viral infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis c virus. Clinical care for patients with hcvrelated liver disease is advancing considerably. Choose from 187 different sets of hepatitis pathophysiology flashcards on quizlet. The hepatitis b, c, and d viruses can cause acute and chronic infections. The majority of hcvinfected individuals develop chronic infection, which, in many patients, could. Describe the pathophysiology of the hepatitis b virus, including transmission and virus replication. Both host and viral factors influence the rate of disease progression.
Oct 15, 2002 hepatitis c virus hcv infects an estimated 170 million people worldwide. As a result, worldwide there are approximately 71 million chronically infected individuals. Usually, hcv persists as a chronic infection, potentially leading to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma hcc if untreated. Most importantly thanks to an enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. The discovery, diagnosis and initial treatments of hepatitis c virus hcv infection are all perfect. Pathophysiology of hepatitis c virus infection and related liver disease. Despite its growing prevalence, hepatitis b is often undiagnosed. Pathogenesis the immune response has a unique role in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis because it contributes both to viral infection control and healing as well as in developing chronic. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Jun 12, 2017 hepatitis, a general term referring to inflammation of the liver, may result from various causes, both infectious ie, viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic organisms and noninfectious eg, alcohol, drugs, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic diseases. Prior to identification of the virus, it was termed nonanonb hepatitis to distinguish it from the viral causes of nonalcoholic hepatitis that were known at the time. Author links open overlay panel jeanmichel pawlotsky. The purpose of this booklet is to let you know what it means to have hepatitis c and what you can do to keep your liver healthy.
Pathophysiology and treatment of hepatitis b and c infections in patients with endstage renal disease vivek soi, chantale dai. Treatment of hepatitis c 2018 easl recommendations easl. Scroll down to read the article or download a printfriendly. With its pandemic magnitude, hcv infection is currently the leading indication for liver transplantation lt. Among the many viruses that are known to infect the human liver, hepatitis b virus hbv and hepatitis c virus hcv are unique because of their prodigious capacity to cause persistent. Introduction viral hepatitis, refers to infections that affect the liver and are caused by viruses. Although each type of hepatitis may cause liver disease, hbv and hcv typically cause the most damage. Viral hepatitis is an infection of the liver caused by. It was soon identified as the main causative agent of the disease previously known as post transfusion nona, nonb hepatitis virus infection. Many viruses cause infections that can be spread from person to person. The disease is characterized by extensive attack of the liver cells resulting to inflammation. Pathophysiology of hepatitis c 2 hepatitis c is a liver disease that is caused by the hepatitis c virus hcv.
Hepatitis c virus hcv is a member of the genus hepacivirus within the flaviviridae family. Natural history of hepatitis c virus hcv infection. Your doctor may recommend screening you for hepatitis c if you have a high chance of being infected or were born between 1945 and 1965. Ppt hepatitis powerpoint presentation free to view id. It further focuses on the entire spectrum of histopathological findings related to different stages of hepatitis c infection. Pathophysiology and treatment of hepatitis b and c.
1185 1421 1638 441 1415 423 221 904 346 554 1468 1380 994 133 1353 829 1451 1246 411 26 261 443 521 1369 23 342 848 413 661 243 636 1136 856 1443